What Is Layer 1? Which Blockchains Should You Choose in 2025-2026

Layer 1 are independent blockchains that operate as the main networks of the entire ecosystem, capable of processing and completing transactions on their own without external network support. Each Layer 1 blockchain has its own native currency, used to pay transaction fees and secure the network.

In addition to transaction functions, Layer 1 also serves as the infrastructure foundation for decentralized applications (dApps), DeFi protocols, and other networks built on top, including Layer 2 solutions to enhance scalability.

What Is Layer 1 Blockchain and Its Basic Features

Unlike dependent side networks, Layer 1 refers to fully independent blockchains with absolute control over their finances. They are designed to ensure three fundamental factors: security, decentralization, and scalability.

However, early Layer 1 blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum face limitations in transaction processing speed. To address these issues, developers have continuously innovated technology, creating many new generation Layer 1 blockchains with higher performance and advanced features.

Performance Comparison: From Bitcoin to Solana

A blockchain’s performance is measured by TPS (Transactions Per Second). Different blockchains have varying processing capabilities:

Bitcoin: A block contains about 1,700 transactions with a mining time of 10 minutes (600 seconds), resulting in a TPS of 2.83. In the best case, with a block containing 2,500 transactions, TPS can reach 4.17.

Ethereum: Creates a block every 13 seconds with a gas limit of 30 million gas per block. Since each transaction consumes at least 21,000 gas, the theoretical capacity is 1,428 transactions. However, complex smart contract interactions require more gas, so the average TPS is around 11.8.

New Generation: Solana can currently handle about 110,000 TPS, while Aptos reaches 160,000 TPS—outperforming pioneering blockchains significantly.

Aptos, Sui, Sei - Three Notable Layer 1 Projects in 2025

Next-generation Layer 1 blockchains have attracted investor attention. Three prominent projects include:

Aptos (APT): Currently trading at $1.00 with a 0.89% increase in 24 hours. Aptos stands out with its proprietary Move language technology and superior processing speed.

Sui (SUI): Trading at $0.91 with a 5.37% decrease today. This project focuses on smooth user experience and instant transaction speeds.

Sei (SEI): Trading at $0.07 with minor fluctuation of -0.29% in 24 hours. Sei is designed to serve high-frequency trading applications and DeFi.

Investment Strategies for Layer 1: Important Considerations

Investing in Layer 1 blockchains offers significant growth opportunities due to their structural role in the ecosystem. However, investors should carefully consider the following factors:

• Technical performance: Check TPS, transaction finality time, and gas costs of each Layer 1
• Application ecosystem: Number of dApps, DeFi protocols, and active developers on the blockchain
• Security: Authentication systems, consensus mechanisms, and the project’s safety history
• Development potential: Technical roadmap, funding, and support from investment funds

The Layer 1 market is witnessing fierce competition among blockchains to secure leading positions. While Bitcoin and Ethereum still hold special places in the ecosystem, new Layer 1s like Aptos, Sui, and Sei are gradually proving their value through technological improvements and practical applications.

When considering investing in Layer 1, it is crucial to focus on projects with solid technical foundations, active communities, and long-term growth potential, rather than just following temporary trends.