什麼是Avalanche?

2026-01-02 10:44:41
Altcoins
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# Avalanche (AVAX) 區塊鏈完整指南 ## 文章簡介 本文深入探討Avalanche區塊鏈平台的核心架構、運作機制與應用價值。透過三鏈設計(X-Chain、C-Chain、P-Chain)與創新Avalanche共識協議,該平台在不犧牲去中心化的前提下實現高速交易與低費用運行。文章詳解AVAX代幣經濟、質押機制、子網功能,並與以太坊、Solana等主流公鏈進行性能對比。內容適合區塊鏈投資者、開發者及DeFi參與者快速掌握Avalanche的技術特性與生態優勢。 ## 文章結構 **基礎認知** → Avalanche平台介紹、推出背景、創始團隊 **核心問題** → 可擴展性、交易費用、互操作性三大挑戰 **技術方案** → 三鏈架構、Avalanche/Snowman共識、子網機制 **經濟系統** → AVAX代幣用途、質押收益、費用銷毀 **競爭分析** → 與Solana、Polygon、Polkadot的差異對比 **實踐指南** → 生態應用、投資風險、Gate交易方式
什麼是Avalanche?

簡介

Avalanche是一個區塊鏈平台,致力於在不犧牲速度或去中心化的前提下改善可擴展性。其核心平台由三個區塊鏈組成:交易鏈(X-Chain)、合約鏈(C-Chain)和平台鏈(P-Chain)。X-Chain用於創建和交易資產,C-Chain用於智能合約創建,P-Chain則用於協調驗證者和子網。

該協議最重要的突破之一是Avalanche共識機制,這是一種利用驗證者重複子採樣投票的方法,使共識既快速又經濟高效。Avalanche還使用子網作為水平擴展的創新方法,允許創建可自訂且可互操作的區塊鏈,且子網數量沒有限制。

背景介紹

隨著區塊鏈技術的發展,它為可擴展性、互操作性和易用性等長期存在的問題提供了新的解決方案。Avalanche採取了獨特的方法,在其主要平台中使用三個獨立的區塊鏈。由其原生代幣AVAX和多種共識機制驅動,Avalanche宣稱自己是「根據最終確認時間衡量,區塊鏈行業中最快的智能合約平台」。本文將探討支持這一主張的因素以及它提供的解決方案。

Avalanche何時推出?

Avalanche於2020年9月由紐約的Ava Labs團隊推出。Ava Labs已籌集近3億美元資金,Avalanche基金會已進行私募和公募代幣銷售,總計4,800萬美元。Ava Labs的三人創始團隊由Kevin Sekniqi、Maofan「Ted」Yin和Emin Gün Sirer組成。

Avalanche解決了哪些問題?

Avalanche試圖解決三個主要問題:可擴展性、交易費用和互操作性。

可擴展性與去中心化的平衡

區塊鏈傳統上難以平衡可擴展性和去中心化。隨著網絡活動增加,網絡可能迅速陷入擁堵。比特幣就是一個很好的例子,在網絡擁堵期間,交易有時需要數小時甚至數天才能處理。

解決這一問題的一種方法是使網絡更加中心化,賦予少數人更多的網絡驗證權限,從而提高速度。然而,去中心化對區塊鏈安全至關重要。新興區塊鏈試圖通過技術進步來解決這個問題,而Avalanche創造了一種獨特的方法。

高交易費用

以太坊等大型區塊鏈面臨的另一個常見問題是其燃氣費用,在高流量時期會變得很高。這最終會阻止用戶使用這些區塊鏈,但替代方案的生態系統建立較晚。例如,以太坊的受歡迎程度和歷史上缺乏替代品導致流量高、費用昂貴。在某些時期,簡單轉賬的成本超過10美元,複雜的智能合約交互可能超過100美元。

互操作性

不同的項目和企業對區塊鏈有不同的需求。過去,項目必須選擇與以太坊、另一個不適合其需求的單個區塊鏈或私有區塊鏈合作。在可自訂性和多個區塊鏈之間的協作之間找到平衡一直很困難。Avalanche通過子網提供了解決方案——這些是應用特定的自訂區塊鏈,共享主網的安全性、速度和相容性。

Avalanche如何運作?

Avalanche使用多種方法組合,使其獨特,實際上由三個主要可互操作的區塊鏈組成:X-Chain、C-Chain和P-Chain。

  1. 交易鏈(X-Chain) 用於創建和交換AVAX代幣及其他數字資產。交易費用以AVAX支付,該區塊鏈使用Avalanche共識協議。

  2. 合約鏈(C-Chain) 是開發者創建DApp智能合約的地方。該鏈實現了以太坊虛擬機(EVM)的實例,支持EVM相容的DApp。它使用Avalanche共識協議的修改版本,稱為Snowman。

  3. 平台鏈(P-Chain) 協調網絡驗證者、追蹤活躍子網並允許創建新子網。P-Chain也使用Snowman協議。

由於每個區塊鏈承擔不同的角色,與在單一鏈上運行所有流程相比,Avalanche提高了速度和可擴展性。Avalanche開發者根據每個區塊鏈的需求定製了共識機制。用戶需要AVAX來質押和支付網絡費用,為生態系統提供了一種通用的可用資產。

Avalanche的共識機制如何運作?

Avalanche的兩個共識協議之間存在相似之處。這個雙系統是網絡改進的可擴展性和交易速度的根本原因。

Avalanche共識

Avalanche共識協議不需要像工作量證明、權益證明或委託權益證明那樣的領導者來達成共識。這個因素增加了Avalanche網絡的去中心化,而不犧牲可擴展性。相比之下,PoW、PoS和DPoS最終會有一個參與者處理交易,其工作隨後由其他人驗證。

Avalanche實現了優化的有向無環圖共識協議。DAG允許網絡並行處理交易。驗證者輪詢其他驗證者的樣本以確定新交易是否有效。經過一定數量的這種重複隨機子採樣後,統計上可以證明交易為假的可能性幾乎不存在。

所有交易立即最終確認,無需其他確認。運行驗證者節點和驗證交易的硬體要求低且易於獲得,這有助於性能、去中心化和環境友好性。

Snowman共識

Snowman共識協議基於Avalanche共識協議構建,但按線性順序排列交易。這個特性在處理智能合約時很有益。與Avalanche共識協議不同,Snowman創建區塊。

AVAX代幣

AVAX是Avalanche的原生代幣,供應上限為7.2億枚。網絡上支付的所有費用都會被銷毀作為通縮機制,使整個Avalanche社區受益。AVAX有三個主要用例:

  1. 你可以質押AVAX成為驗證者或將其委託給驗證者。驗證者最多可獲得10%的年收益率,並可設置自訂百分比費用,從支持他們的委託者的獎勵中提取。

  2. AVAX作為所有子網的通用計價單位,改善互操作性。

  3. 交易費用和子網訂閱費用可以AVAX支付。

如何質押AVAX?

AVAX持有者可以通過成為驗證者或將代幣質押給驗證者來獲得獎勵。成為驗證者需要質押2,000個AVAX。

硬體要求足夠低,大多數標準筆記本電腦或桌上型電腦都應該適合開始驗證。你也可以將代幣質押給驗證者,當驗證者成功確認交易時獲得獎勵。

可自訂的Avalanche區塊鏈

Avalanche提供與以太坊和其他第一層區塊鏈類似的功能。開發者可以創建代幣、NFT和DApp。用戶可以質押代幣、驗證交易並使用超過400個DApp。根據Avalanche支持者的說法,Avalanche的優勢源於這些功能的改進。作為額外功能,Avalanche還允許創建可互操作的自訂區塊鏈,稱為子網。

使用高度可擴展子網的自訂區塊鏈非常適合大型企業需求,許多企業已經在構建子網。對於這些自訂區塊鏈的大型企業和小型獨立運營商來說,與豐富生態系統中的其他方互動以及利用Avalanche主網的安全性很便利。

Avalanche擁有自己的Avalanche虛擬機,與EVM相容。熟悉以太坊Solidity編程語言的開發者可以輕鬆使用Avalanche,也可以遷移現有項目。

Avalanche與其他可擴展區塊鏈有何不同?

我們提出的問題和解決方案並非Avalanche獨有。Avalanche與其他可擴展平台和可互操作區塊鏈競爭,如以太坊、Polkadot、Polygon和Solana。那麼,是什麼讓Avalanche與替代方案不同呢?

共識機制

最重要的區別可能是Avalanche共識。然而,Avalanche並不是唯一擁有新穎共識機制的區塊鏈。Solana具有歷史證明,據稱可以處理高達50,000 TPS(每秒交易數),超過Avalanche聲稱的6,500 TPS。然而,TPS只是評估網絡速度的一個指標,它未能考慮區塊最終性。

交易速度和最終性

另一個顯著區別是Avalanche的最終性時間不到1秒。這究竟意味著什麼?同樣,TPS在衡量速度時只是一個指標。我們還需要考慮保證交易最終確認且無法被反轉或更改所需的時間。你可以在一秒內處理100,000筆交易,但如果最終性有延遲,網絡仍然會更慢。Avalanche聲稱在行業中擁有最快的最終確認時間。

去中心化

Avalanche最大的主張之一是去中心化。考慮到其規模和年齡,由於要求相對最低,它確實擁有大量驗證者。然而,隨著AVAX價格上升,成為驗證者變得更加昂貴。

可互操作的區塊鏈

Avalanche的可互操作區塊鏈數量也可能無限。這與Polkadot直接競爭,後者也提供自訂和可互操作的區塊鏈。Polkadot在平行鏈插槽拍賣中的空間有限,而Avalanche採用簡單的訂閱費模式。

總結

隨著去中心化金融平台尋求以太坊替代品,Avalanche等區塊鏈因其EVM相容性和低費用而具有吸引力。然而,在可擴展性和速度方面,DeFi平台已經有了一長串替代平台可供選擇。

Avalanche自推出以來人氣不斷上升,每日交易總數已經趕上以太坊,但它是否能夠與Solana或Polygon等其他區塊鏈競爭還有待觀察。

FAQ

Avalanche是什麼?它與以太坊、Solana等其他公鏈有什麼區別?

Avalanche(AVAX)是支援EVM的高效能公鏈,採用改良型權益證明共識。相比以太坊,AVAX交易速度更快、費用更低;相比Solana,AVAX擁有2000多個驗證節點更去中心化,生態DeFi鎖倉額超100億美元,開發語言相同於以太坊,遷移成本更低。

Avalanche的AVAX代幣有什麼用途?如何獲得和使用?

AVAX代幣用於支付Avalanche網絡的交易費用,可在網絡內作為貨幣使用,也可與其他加密貨幣交易。透過挖礦、質押或購買方式獲得AVAX,然後在錢包中存儲和使用。

Avalanche的共識機制是什麼?相比傳統PoW/PoS有什麼優勢?

Avalanche採用獨特的Avalanche共識協議,透過並行處理和亞穩定性機制實現更高效率。相比PoW更節能,相比PoS更去中心化,支持高吞吐量交易,確認速度快且成本低。

在Avalanche上開發DeFi應用或參與生態有哪些主要項目?

Avalanche生態主要包括BENQI(流動性和質押協議)、Aave、Compound等借貸平臺,提供借貸、質押和流動性挖礦服務,是參與DeFi的核心項目。

投資Avalanche(AVAX)有什麼風險?安全性如何保證?

AVAX投資主要面臨市場波動性、監管風險和技術漏洞風險。安全性由Avalanche共識機制和去中心化驗證器網絡保證,但新興技術仍需時間驗證其長期穩定性。

* The information is not intended to be and does not constitute financial advice or any other recommendation of any sort offered or endorsed by Gate.
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