Trump lists 8 non-tariff "cheating" methods, naming Japan and the European Union.

Jin10 data reported on April 21, U.S. President Trump listed eight non-tariff “cheating” methods in trade on social media, including 1. Exchange Rate manipulation, 2. VAT as tariffs and export subsidies, 3. below-cost dumping, 4. export subsidies and other government subsidies, 5. agricultural protective standards (such as the EU’s ban on genetically modified corn), 6. protective technical standards (such as Japan’s bowling ball test), 7. counterfeiting, piracy, and intellectual property theft (annual losses exceeding $1 trillion), 8. transshipment tax avoidance.