Every country is heavily in debt, so who is the creditor?Written by: Zhang Yaqi
Source: Wall Street Watch
Currently, every major country on Earth is mired in a debt quagmire, raising the century-old question of "If everyone is in debt, then who is lending?" Recently, former Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis delved into this complex and fragile global debt system in a podcast, warning that the system is facing unprecedented risks of collapse.
Yanis Varoufakis stated that the creditors of government debt are far from outsiders, but rather an internal closed-loop system within the state. Taking the United States as an example, the government's largest creditors are the Federal Reserve and internal government trust funds such as Social Security. The deeper secret is that ordinary citizens hold a significant amount of government bonds through their pensions and savings, making them the largest creditors.
For foreign countries, such as Japan, purchasing U.S. Treasury bonds is a tool for recycling trade surpluses and maintaining the stability of their own currency. Therefore, in
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